465 lines
19 KiB
Python
Executable file
465 lines
19 KiB
Python
Executable file
#!/usr/bin/python -W ignore::DeprecationWarning
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#
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# Script to manage S3-stored backups
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#
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# Copyright (c) 2009-2011 Ryan S. Tucker
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#
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# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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#
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# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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#
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# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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# THE SOFTWARE.
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import optparse
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import os
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import pwd
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import secrets
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import sys
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import time
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from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection
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from boto.s3.key import Key
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import boto.exception
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from collections import defaultdict
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from math import log10
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from subprocess import *
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class BackupManager:
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def __init__(self, accesskey, sharedkey):
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self._accesskey = accesskey
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self._connection = S3Connection(accesskey, sharedkey)
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self._buckets = None
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self._bucketbackups = {}
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self._backups = None
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def _generate_backup_buckets(self):
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bucket_prefix = self._accesskey.lower() + '-bkup-'
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buckets = self._connection.get_all_buckets()
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self._buckets = []
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for bucket in buckets:
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if bucket.name.startswith(bucket_prefix):
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self._buckets.append(bucket)
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@property
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def backup_buckets(self): # property
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if self._buckets is None:
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self._generate_backup_buckets()
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return self._buckets
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def _list_backups(self, bucket):
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"""Returns a dict of backups in a bucket, with dicts of:
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{hostname (str):
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{Backup number (int):
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{'date': Timestamp of backup (int),
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'keys': A list of keys comprising the backup,
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'hostname': Hostname (str),
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'backupnum': Backup number (int),
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'finalized': 0, or the timestamp the backup was finalized
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}
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}
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}
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"""
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backups = {}
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for key in bucket.list():
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keyparts = key.key.split('.')
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encrypted = split = tarred = final = False
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if keyparts[-1] == 'COMPLETE':
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final = True
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keyparts.pop() # back to tar
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keyparts.pop() # back to backup number
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else:
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if keyparts[-1] == 'gpg':
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encrypted = True
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keyparts.pop()
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if keyparts[-1] != 'tar' and len(keyparts[-1]) is 2:
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split = True
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keyparts.pop()
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if keyparts[-1] == 'tar':
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tarred = True
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keyparts.pop()
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nextpart = keyparts.pop()
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if nextpart == 'COMPLETE':
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print("Stray file: %s" % key.key)
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continue
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backupnum = int(nextpart)
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hostname = '.'.join(keyparts)
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lastmod = time.strptime(key.last_modified, '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000Z')
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if hostname in backups.keys():
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if not backupnum in backups[hostname].keys():
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backups[hostname][backupnum] = {'date': lastmod, 'hostname': hostname, 'backupnum': backupnum, 'finalized': 0, 'keys': [], 'finalkey': None, 'finalized_age': -1}
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else:
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backups[hostname] = {backupnum: {'date': lastmod, 'hostname': hostname, 'backupnum': backupnum, 'finalized': 0, 'keys': [], 'finalkey': None, 'finalized_age': -1}}
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if final:
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backups[hostname][backupnum]['finalized'] = lastmod
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backups[hostname][backupnum]['finalkey'] = key
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timestamp = time.mktime(lastmod)
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delta = int(time.time() - timestamp + time.timezone)
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backups[hostname][backupnum]['finalized_age'] = delta
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else:
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if lastmod < backups[hostname][backupnum]['date']:
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backups[hostname][backupnum]['date'] = lastmod
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backups[hostname][backupnum]['keys'].append(key)
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return backups
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def get_backups_by_bucket(self, bucket):
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if bucket.name not in self._bucketbackups:
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self._bucketbackups[bucket.name] = self._list_backups(bucket)
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return self._bucketbackups[bucket.name]
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@property
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def all_backups(self): # property
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if self._backups is None:
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sys.stderr.write("Enumerating backups")
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self._backups = {}
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for bucket in self.backup_buckets:
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for hostname, backups in self.get_backups_by_bucket(bucket).items():
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sys.stderr.write('.')
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sys.stderr.flush()
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if hostname not in self._backups:
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self._backups[hostname] = {}
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self._backups[hostname].update(backups)
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sys.stderr.write("\n")
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return self._backups
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def invalidate_host_cache(self, hostname):
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nuke = []
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for bucket in self._bucketbackups:
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if hostname in self._bucketbackups[bucket]:
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nuke.append(bucket)
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for bucket in nuke:
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if bucket in self._bucketbackups:
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del self._bucketbackups[bucket]
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self._backups = None
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@property
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def backups_by_age(self): # property
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"Returns a dict of {hostname: [(backupnum, age), ...]}"
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results = defaultdict(list)
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for hostname, backups in self.all_backups.items():
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for backupnum, statusdict in backups.items():
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results[hostname].append((backupnum, statusdict['finalized_age']))
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return results
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def choose_host_to_backup(agedict, target_count=2):
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"Takes a dict from backups_by_age, returns a hostname to back up."
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host_scores = defaultdict(int)
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for hostname, backuplist in agedict.items():
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bl = sorted(backuplist, key=lambda x: x[1])
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if len(bl) > 0 and bl[0][1] == -1:
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# unfinalized backup alert
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host_scores[hostname] += 200
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bl.pop(0)
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if len(bl) >= target_count:
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host_scores[hostname] -= 100
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host_scores[hostname] -= len(bl)
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if len(bl) > 0:
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# age of oldest backup helps score
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oldest = bl[0]
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host_scores[hostname] += log10(oldest[1])
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# recency of newest backup hurts score
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newest = bl[-1]
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host_scores[hostname] -= log10(max(1, (oldest[1] - newest[1])))
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for candidate, score in sorted(host_scores.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True):
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yield (candidate, score)
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def choose_backups_to_delete(agedict, target_count=2, max_age=30):
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"Takes a dict from backups_by_age, returns a list of backups to delete"
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decimate = defaultdict(list)
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for hostname, backuplist in agedict.items():
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bl = []
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for backup in sorted(backuplist, key=lambda x: x[1]):
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if backup[1] > 0:
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bl.append(backup)
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while len(bl) > target_count:
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backup = bl.pop()
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if backup[1] > max_age*24*60*60:
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decimate[hostname].append(backup)
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return decimate
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def iter_urls(keyset, expire=86400):
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"""Given a list of keys and an optional expiration time (in seconds),
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returns an iterator of URLs to fetch to reassemble the backup."""
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for key in keyset:
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yield key.generate_url(expires_in=expire)
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def make_restore_script(backup, expire=86400):
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"""Returns a quick and easy restoration script to restore the given system,
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requires a backup, and perhaps expire"""
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myhostname = backup['hostname']
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mybackupnum = backup['backupnum']
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myfilecount = len(backup['keys'])
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myfriendlytime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d at %H:%M GMT', backup['date'])
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myexpiretime = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d at %H:%M GMT', time.gmtime(time.time()+expire))
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myexpiretimestamp = time.time()+expire
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output = []
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output.append('#!/bin/sh\n')
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output.append('# Restoration script for %s backup %s,\n' % (myhostname, mybackupnum))
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output.append('# a backup created on %s.\n' % (myfriendlytime))
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output.append('# To use: bash scriptname /path/to/put/the/files\n\n')
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output.append('# WARNING: THIS FILE EXPIRES AFTER %s\n' % (myexpiretime))
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output.append('if [ "`date +%%s`" -gt "%i" ];\n' % (myexpiretimestamp))
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output.append(' then echo "Sorry, but this restore script is too old.";\n')
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output.append(' exit 1;\n')
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output.append('fi\n\n')
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output.append('if [ -z "$1" ];\n')
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output.append(' then echo "Usage: ./scriptname /path/to/restore/to";\n')
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output.append(' exit 1;\n')
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output.append('fi\n\n')
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output.append('# Check the destination\n')
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output.append('if [ ! -d $1 ];\n')
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output.append(' then echo "Target $1 does not exist!";\n')
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output.append(' exit 1;\n')
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output.append('fi\n\n')
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output.append('if [ -n "`ls --almost-all $1`" ];\n')
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output.append(' then echo "Target $1 is not empty!";\n')
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output.append(' exit 1;\n')
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output.append('fi\n\n')
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output.append('# cd to the destination, create a temporary workspace\n')
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output.append('cd $1\n')
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output.append('mkdir .restorescript-scratch\n\n')
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output.append('# retrieve files\n')
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mysortedfilelist = []
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for key in backup['keys']:
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output.append('wget -O $1/.restorescript-scratch/%s "%s"\n' % (key.name, key.generate_url(expires_in=expire)))
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mysortedfilelist.append('.restorescript-scratch/' + key.name)
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mysortedfilelist.sort()
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output.append('\n# decrypt files\n')
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output.append('gpg --decrypt-files << EOF\n')
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output.append('\n'.join(mysortedfilelist))
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output.append('\nEOF\n')
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output.append('\n# join and untar files\n')
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output.append('cat .restorescript-scratch/*.tar.?? | tar -xf -\n\n')
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output.append('echo "DONE! Have a nice day."\n##\n')
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return output
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def start_archive(hosts):
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"Starts an archive operation for a list of hosts."
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if 'LOGNAME' in os.environ:
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username = os.environ['LOGNAME']
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else:
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try:
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username = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid()).pw_name
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except KeyError:
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username = 'nobody'
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scriptdir = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0])
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cmd = [os.path.join(scriptdir, 'BackupPC_archiveStart'), 'archives3',
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username]
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cmd.extend(hosts)
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proc = Popen(cmd)
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proc.communicate()
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def main():
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# check command line options
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parser = optparse.OptionParser(
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usage="usage: %prog [options] [list|delete|script]",
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description="" +
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"Companion maintenance script for BackupPC_archiveHost_s3. " +
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"By default, it assumes the 'list' command, which displays all " +
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"of the backups currently archived on S3. The 'delete' command " +
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"is used to delete backups. The 'script' command produces a " +
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"script that can be used to download and restore a backup."
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)
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parser.add_option("-H", "--host", dest="host",
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help="Name of backed-up host")
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parser.add_option("-b", "--backup-number", dest="backupnum",
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help="Backup number")
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parser.add_option("-a", "--age", dest="age",
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help="Delete backups older than AGE days")
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parser.add_option("-k", "--keep", dest="keep",
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help="When used with --age, keep this many recent backups (default=1)", default=1)
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parser.add_option("-f", "--filename", dest="filename",
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help="Output filename for script")
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parser.add_option("-x", "--expire", dest="expire",
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help="Maximum age of script, default 86400 seconds")
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parser.add_option("-t", "--test", dest="test", action="store_true",
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help="Test mode; don't actually delete")
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parser.add_option("-u", "--unfinalized", dest="unfinalized",
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action="store_true", help="Consider unfinalized backups")
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parser.add_option("-s", "--start-backups", dest="start",
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action="store_true", help="When used with --age, start backups for hosts with fewer than keep+1 backups")
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parser.add_option("-l", "--list", dest="list", action="store_true", help="List stored backups after completing operations")
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(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
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bmgr = BackupManager(secrets.accesskey, secrets.sharedkey)
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if options.backupnum and not options.host:
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parser.error('Must specify --host when specifying --backup-number')
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if options.backupnum:
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options.backupnum = int(options.backupnum)
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if len(args) == 0:
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args.append('list')
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if len(args) > 1:
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parser.error('Too many arguments.')
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if args[0] != 'delete' and options.age:
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parser.error('--age only makes sense with delete')
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if options.start and not (args[0] == 'delete' and options.age):
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parser.error('--start-backups only makes sense with delete and --age')
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if args[0] != 'script' and (options.expire or options.filename):
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parser.error('--expire and --filename only make sense with script')
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if args[0] in ['list', 'script', 'delete']:
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if options.host:
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if options.host not in bmgr.all_backups:
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parser.error('No backups found for host "%s"' % options.host)
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else:
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if len(bmgr.all_backups) == 0:
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parser.error('No buckets found!')
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else:
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parser.error('Invalid option: %s' + args[0])
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if args[0] == 'script':
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if not options.host:
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parser.error('Must specify --host to generate a script for')
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if not options.backupnum and options.unfinalized:
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# assuming highest number
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options.backupnum = max(bmgr.all_backups[options.host].keys())
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elif not options.backupnum:
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# assuming highest finalized number
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options.backupnum = 0
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for backup in bmgr.all_backups[options.host].keys():
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if bmgr.all_backups[options.host][backup]['finalized'] > 0:
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options.backupnum = max(options.backupnum, backup)
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if options.backupnum == 0:
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parser.error('No finalized backups found! Try --unfinalized if you dare')
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backup = bmgr.all_backups[options.host][options.backupnum]
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if not options.expire:
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options.expire = "86400"
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if options.filename:
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fd = open(options.filename, 'w')
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fd.writelines(make_restore_script(backup, expire=int(options.expire)))
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else:
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sys.stdout.writelines(make_restore_script(backup, expire=int(options.expire)))
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elif args[0] == 'delete':
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to_ignore = int(options.keep)
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to_delete = []
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if options.host and options.backupnum:
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print("Will delete backup: %s %i (forced)" % (options.host, options.backupnum))
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to_delete.append((options.host, options.backupnum))
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elif options.age:
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to_delete_dict = choose_backups_to_delete(bmgr.backups_by_age, target_count=to_ignore, max_age=int(options.age))
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for hostname, backuplist in to_delete_dict.items():
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for backupstat in backuplist:
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print("Will delete backup: %s %i (expired, age=%g days)" % (hostname, backupstat[0], backupstat[1]/86400.0))
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to_delete.append((hostname, backupstat[0]))
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else:
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parser.error('Need either an age or a host AND backup number.')
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if len(to_delete) > 0:
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for deletehost, deletebackupnum in to_delete:
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hostbackups = bmgr.all_backups.get(deletehost, {})
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deletebackup = hostbackups.get(deletebackupnum, {})
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deletekeys = deletebackup.get('keys', [])
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finalkey = deletebackup.get('finalkey', None)
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if len(deletekeys) > 0:
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sys.stdout.write("Deleting backup: %s %d (%d keys)" % (deletehost, deletebackupnum, len(deletekeys)))
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for key in deletekeys:
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if options.test:
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sys.stdout.write('_')
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else:
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key.delete()
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sys.stdout.write('.')
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sys.stdout.flush()
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if finalkey is not None:
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if options.test:
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sys.stdout.write('+')
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else:
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finalkey.delete()
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sys.stdout.write('!')
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sys.stdout.flush()
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sys.stdout.write('\n')
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if options.start:
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for deletehost, deletebackupnum in to_delete:
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bmgr.invalidate_host_cache(deletehost)
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score_iter = choose_host_to_backup(bmgr.backups_by_age, target_count=int(options.keep)+1)
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for candidate, score in score_iter:
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if score > 0:
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sys.stdout.write('Starting archive operation for host: %s (score=%g)\n' % (candidate, score))
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start_archive([candidate])
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break
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if args[0] == 'list' or options.list:
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sys.stdout.write('%25s | %5s | %20s | %5s\n' % ("Hostname", "Bkup#", "Age", "Files"))
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sys.stdout.write('-'*72 + '\n')
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for hostname, backups in bmgr.all_backups.items():
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for backupnum in sorted(backups.keys()):
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filecount = len(backups[backupnum]['keys'])
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datestruct = backups[backupnum]['date']
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if backups[backupnum]['finalized'] > 0:
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inprogress = ''
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else:
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inprogress = '*'
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timestamp = time.mktime(datestruct)
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delta = int(time.time() - timestamp + time.timezone)
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if delta < 3600:
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prettydelta = '%i min ago' % (delta/60)
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elif delta < 86400:
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prettydelta = '%i hr ago' % (delta/3600)
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else:
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days = int(delta/60/60/24)
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if days == 1:
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s = ''
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else:
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s = 's'
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prettydelta = '%i day%s ago' % (days, s)
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sys.stdout.write('%25s | %5i | %20s | %5i%s\n' % (hostname, backupnum, prettydelta, filecount, inprogress))
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sys.stdout.write('* == not yet finalized (Age == time of last activity)\n')
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if __name__ == '__main__':
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main()
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